Financial viability of a fully simulated transformation from even-aged to uneven-aged stand structure in forests of different ages

Abstract For the first time, an economic analysis of a fully simulated forest transformation process from even-aged to uneven-aged stand structure using natural regeneration was performed individual tree growth simulator. A comparison ‘business as usual’ management approach (i.e. age-class scenario) also made. Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.)-dominated forests different ages were selected for simulation: at thinning stage (52 years; hereafter, ‘younger stand’) and mature (95 years) explore starting points transformation. The harvested remaining volume showed only little fluctuation over course simulation period in case (uneven-aged) scenario. scenario, on other hand, peaks drops timber volume. land expectation values end higher (i = 1 or 2 per cent) equal 3 those scenario younger stand. appears be economically interesting (under interest rates above early revenues more intensive thinnings achieve equilibrium growing stock well below potential maximum This suggests efficient under given silvicultural conditions. stands found less viable due lower holding compared with However, all study concludes that yielded (in forests) steadier trend showing no major fluctuations. Transformation forms better foundation where ecosystem services can built.